What is a git, cvs, webdav and ftp? How do GIT, CVS, WebDav interrelate? Almost all modern day file systems are based on original Unix Tree file system. What is a Local site Root? What is a File Mapping? In navigating a file system what do ~, ., / and .. represent?
Git, CVS, and WebDAV are all different methods/types of version control. CVS seems to be the oldest one, first developed in 1986. Git, first developed in 2005 by Linus Torvalds, was built specifically to make opposing design decisions to CVS wherever possible. I have some experience with Git, but none with CVS, so as far as my research is telling me, the main difference between the two are the Git is distrubuted, where CVS is not. You're required to be connected to the repository when making/managing changes on CVS, where Git alllows you to work on a local version of your repository anywhere. WedDAV appears to be a protocol for managing files on the remote server, similar to FTP, though it seems to have been developed primarily with distrubted Web page authoring in mind. WebDAV, Git, and CVS are all, in a way, methods of managing multiple developers working on the same project.
Local site root, as far as I can tell, is related to the folder that stores all the content for a web page. While not necessarily a root folder per se, it acts as one for the webpage, acting as the top-level folder and containing all critical files and sub-folders. File mapping would be the method of laying out a file system, I suppose? I'm not sure exactly what that question is asking. As for the symbols, . refers to the current level in the file system, .. refers to a parent directory, / usually refers to the root folder, and ~ is shorthand for the path to your current spot in the file tree.