. Any Character   \d

digit; Note \ Escapes Special meaning
d matches letter d; \. Matches .

? Zero or 1 Time
ab? is a or ab
  \D

Not a digit
\D matches A-Za-z

+ One or More
Ab+ is Ab Abb Abbb
  \s Single White Space
\s{2,3} is 2 or 3 White Spaces
* Zero of More
Ab* is A, Ab, ABB
  \S Non White Space
\S{3} match 3 non white spaces
( ) Word Delimiter   | (abc)|(zyz) match abc or xyz
{n} Repeat
A{2} matches AA
  \w word variable identifier
letter number underscore
^ Beginning of Line   [a-z] Match lower case a-z
$ End of Line   [^a-z] Match all but lower case a-z